Signal



P. H. cHAsE 2,125,668 A Aug." 2, 1938.v

' SIGNAL Filed oct, 14, 19:55y

l5 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 N\\.\ MNT, M

Au'g. 2, 1938.

P.J H. CHASE S IGNAL Filed 001:. 14, 1955 13 Sheets-Sheet 3 .moi

P. H. CHASE Aug. 2, 1938.

ASIGNAL l Filed oct. 14', 1935 15 Sheets-sheet 1 aunado 195km .wvzswm omnodo M4N 19:25

Aug. 2, 1938.

P. H. CHASE.

SIGNAL Filed 0.61:. 14, 1935 13 Sheets-Sheet' 5 us' Q www JM Stzw. wm.

P.: H. CHASE Aug. 2, 193s.v

SIGNAL Filed oct.14, 1955 F|G.|o,--

13 She-ts-,Sheet 8;

wv4 A w.. i U ms .J A wv A CB n C G A m K un H Bn.. C W W mm ,nf u R .D

B Q'Qw VARY .seauzufmrLLY Erler-|1- FIG]V L DIRECTION swrrcn BEAKING* L FLASHE- LEFT CBA FLASH seQuNrmLLv mswr--ABC FLASH .saquen-uuu Aug.' 2, 1938.

vP. H. CHASE SIGNAL Filed Oct. '14, 1935 13 Sheets-Sheet 10 Aug. 2, 1938. .5 H. Vcl-lAsE 2,125,668

' r Y SIGNAL.

Filed oct. 14, 1935 '13 sheets-Sheet 11 DIRECTION swlTcH SAME AS FIG.

sAME As FIG. I.

Auggz, 193s.

P.; H. cHAsE .SIGNAL Filed oct. 14, 1935 1s sheets-Sheet 15 Nt k M mt Mmmm f metadata 2, 1938 AuNrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,125,668 7 i SIGNAL- rhiiip n. chase, nais-Cynwyd, Pa. Application october' 14, 1935, seriaiNo; 44,941

rection signal; the provisin of diiferent light-V4 variations to make more distinctive the various signals; the provision'fofesignal lights for com` bined tail light, stop signal and direction signal purposes; the provision ofdual-purpose iajcilitiesV for illumination and signalling; and the provision :of clear differentiation. between types vof and in part ,pointed out hereinafter.

'I'he invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations of elements, features of A construction and arrangements of parts which will be `eivcempliiied in the structures and circuits hereinafter described, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which arev s illustrated several of various possible embodiments ofthe invention, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic layout illustrating a [signalling system whereinvariations of signal are obtained from compound signal elements;

Fig. 21s a, fragmentary layout showingv a variation of Fig. 1 wherein the line WZ matches the corresponding line WZin Fig. ,1:

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing a modification;

Fig. 441s a view similar to Fig. 2 showing ali-.-`

other variation of the Fig. vl form;

j Fig.v 5 is a diagrammatic layout showing another form of-the invention wherein front and rear signals are employed; t v

Fig. 6 is a .diagrammatic layouty showing an'- other form of theinvention wherein unitary sig-.

nal elements are used; Fig. v'I is a fragmentary -iayout .constituting a variationof the form of the invention shown in A Fig. c, wherein the match line wz `matches the r* signal. systemy for motor spending parts throughout the several views of is not understood. ally inconvenient to the driver of a vclosed vehicle, 35

wherein the line WZ matches the 'corresponding line WZ in said Fig. 6;

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 1Q showing a variation of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6, wherein the match line WZ corresponds to 5 the-match line WZ in Fig. 6;

Fig. 12 is a Vcomplete diagrammatic layout showing another form of the invention wherein impulse transformers are used;

Fig. 13 is a complete diagrammatic layout n0- showing another form of the invention wherein difierentiations in'signal light variation frequencies are obtained for different functions;

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary detail showing an alternate form of distributor (adiacent Fig. l); 15 signals. Other objects'will be in part obvious f Fig. 15-is a fragmentary layout showing a variation of -the form of the invention shown in Fig. l wherein `the match line WZ matches the corresponding line WZ in said Fig. 1;-

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. lvshowing zo another modification;

Fig. 17 is a layout showing another modifica- Fig. 18 is a layout showing another modification wherein a reversing timer is used; and, 25 Fig. 19 is a fragmentary view showing a moditlcation of'certain motor parts of Fig. 18. g

Similar reference characters indicate correthe drawings. .30

0n motor vehicles, the 'practice of signalling left" and right turns by hand is little observed andV when done, often escapesnotice, or

lSuch hand signals are usuparticularly during inclement weather. Electric direction signals of the usual types are subject to diilicu'lties which 4are similar lto those relating to the stop light. r

Y The installationV and operation of direction 40 signals is frequently insumciently correlated with the stop light in respect to construction details, t

reliability of operation and distinctiveness. `Un

less signals are sumciently-distinctive', they may not attract' and noia the attention of the opera 4s tors of other vehicles, pedestrians` and others concerned. Particularly important is the need for the signal clearly to indicate without confusion the' intention ,of the vehicle operator. in

respect to slowing down, and stopping and making turns.

Dependence upon signal shape.l signal color -and 4combinations thereof, have certain -disadvantages, and whendepended upon alone generally lack attracting power and differentiation. liti clear diiferentiationbetween stop, left turn and signals of great effectiveness, including obvious y purport, high attention-commanding power, and

right turn. Referring now more particularly to Figure 1. there is illustrated an embodiment of the invention in which are three light compartments, or

sections, K, L and M, and in each section re-l spectively are pairs of lamps A and a, B and b,

and C and c. The filaments I, 2 and 3 respectively of lamps A, B and C are energized respectively by wires |02 and |03: and the ills.-

ments ||,..|2 and I3 respectively of lamps a, b and c are energized respectively by wires I I I, ||2 and ||3, wire ||3 being connected to wire III. other `terminals of the filaments are connected to the common return, usually the frame in the case of a motor vehicle, by wires 233 and 399.

The lamps a, b and c are preferably of smaller candle-power than lamps A, B and C respectively.

I have secured satisfactory results 'with lamps` a, b and c, each of 3 candlepower, and lamps A,

-B and C of candle-power, all of the usual autotheir open faces or aspects all facing rearwardly,

mobile type. However, depending upon conditions, such as the character and amount of light reflecting surface in each of the compartments and the nature of the signal desired, the sizes of the lamps may be widely varied from the above values. 'I'he pairs of lamps in each section, A and a, B and b and C and c respectively, preferably are located in' close proximity to each other, so that theirrespective lights combine, coalesce or blend. In a compartment the color of the two lights may be the same, or different, and also in the different compartments the colorof the lights may be the same, or diiferent, depending upon signal results desired. The rear aspect of each light section may be equipped with lenses of glass or other suitable light-transmitting material, through which the light from the signal lamps passes and is colored, directed and/or diffused or otherwise coalesced as required.

The light sections K. L and M are mounted horizontally in line on the rear of the vehicle with ofthe vehicle, in order to afford the desired signal to the rear, for example, to inform the drivers of following vehicles. 'I'he light sections K, L and M may be located immediately adjacent to each other,or as much as 2 to 4 feet apart, depending, for example, upon the type of vehicle, the arrangement of 'the rear and the size .and other characteristics of the sections. I have secured satisfactory results with the light-.sections im-v mediately adjacent to each other, each vsection approximately .2l/2 inches high andi linches wide.'

Satisfactory results have also been secured with light sections approximately 12 inches apart andlight or brake switch actuated by a brake mechanismv shaft BM, is normally open and'is closed by depressing the foot brake pedal connected to said shaft BM (not shown). A direction switch 202 is manually operated by means of handle 42. which may `be mounted on the dash or on the steering column, or in some other place convenient to the operator of the vehicle. It is, fox` example, of the switch types commonly used for motor vehicle lighting and radioapplications, and is' shown in Figure 1 in its middle or neutral position. From this position it is operated either to the left (counter-clockwise), or to the right (clockwise), to indicate left turn or right turn respectively. Switch 202 is held in either neutral, or left, or right position by detent mechanism 2 I 3, in which detent 220 engages in notches 22|, 222 and 223 respectively for left, neutral and right positions.

f 'Ihe energizing of the signal system by the closing of brake switch or by the left or right actuation of direction switch 202, as well as energizing the lamps described below, also energizes timer 20,- driven by motor 30 through worm 29 and worm gear 28. The worm gear 2lis mounted on shaft 21 and also mounted thereon, but insulated therefrom, is brush arm 26 carrying timer brush energized from wire |25. Also, insulated from arm 26, from the frame of Athe vehicle and from each other are timer contacts 2|, 22 and 23, arranged to be contacted by timer brush 25 in the order named, as the brush rotates, illustrated in a clockwise direction. 'I'he motor driving thewormisindicatedconventionally as composed of an armature and brushes 3|, and series ileld 32. The other terminal of the motor armature is connected tocommon return through wire 499. I have found that a small fractional horsepower series-wound motor of the type frequently used in automobile heater fans and the like, provides quick starting and satisfactorily uniform timer speed. Under some conditions, the use of a shunt-wound motor may be preferable and other alternative means of driving the timer, such, for example, as a ratchet motor, or a speedgoverned drive from the vehicle engine, or the like, may be used.

With direction switch 202 in' the neutral position shown in Fig. 1, when switch 20| is closed by depressing the foot brake pedal, battery 39 ener- -gizes wires 2 and |25. Lamp b is thereupon energized through wire ||2 and lights to full brilliancy, motor is energized, rapidly comes to full speed and through worm 29 and worm gear 28 rotates brush arm 26. As brush arm rotates in clockwise direction, timer brush 25 successively makes contact with stationary segment contacts 2|, 22 and 23 in order, to which are connected respectively wires |2|, |22 and |23. 'I'he total arc occupied by timer segments 2|, 22 and 23 is approximately 180 and that occupied by segment 24 (utilized in Figure 1 embodiment as a'dead or spacer contact), makes up the remaining 180.

Suitable narrow gaps between the adjacent edges v l mum determined bythe total brilliancy oflamps b and B. Ihere iatherefore. secured a variablebrilliancy stop signal which passes through a complete cycle for every revolution of the brush l arm 22. 'Ihis produces a signal of unmistakable i nature which is always visible and commands at' tention, because of its recurrcntly changing brightness.

When direction switch 202 is operated to the left 'l/ith of arevolution, or 18.9 (to indicate left turn) by manipulation of handle I2, mounted on l shaft 4|, the arcuate contacts 5|, 52, 52 and 5I,

. with their contact surfaces 45, are rotated 1,49th of .a` turn inv counter-clockwise direction. Said movable contacts 5|, 52, 52 and 5Il are mounted on ,any insulating cylinder actuated by shaft 4|.

and are relatively insulated from eachother and from said shaft. Numeral 50 throughout indicatesa dead contact or space. I Upon said lleft-hand switch actuation, the live i `terminal oi'battery 29 Ais connected through contact 02 to contacts 20 and 5| of said switch, by' means of movable contact 5|. Lamp b is there- 'upon energized through wire ||2, irrespective of whether switch 20| is closed; lamps a ande are '35 energized from contact 20 through wire Ill', and

light to full brightnass; motor 20 and timer brush 25 are energized through wire |25 and brush 25 passes in turn over live timer contacts 2|, 22 and 22 and dead contact 24. Simultaneously, upon '4o said ieitpnand actuation oi. switch 2oz, timer contact 2| is connected to lamp C through wires |02 and |2| and switch contacts 5l, 52 and 62:

also, lamp A is connected to timer contact 22 i through wires |0| and |22, and switch contacts 05, 54 and 05:` timer contact 22 being connected direct to lamp B through wires |02 and |22. As brush 25 rotates, lamp C, lamp B andlamp A are energized in the order named and lightto full brightnesarespectively during the interval said 5o brush makes contact with timer contacts 2|, 22

and 22, by full voltage from contact 92, wire |25, brush arm 20, brush 25 and the wires as aboveconnected. While brush 25 passes over contact 24, an interval illustrated approximately equal to the total for passingv over contacts 2|', 22 and 22, all the three lamps remain dark. vConversely, when direction switch 202 is operated to the right. .159th of a`re'volution (to indicate a right turn); the4 arcuate contacts 5|, 52. 52 and 50 are rotated 449th of a turn in clockwise direction. `The 1 live terminal of battery 22 is connected .through contact 22 tocontacts 50 and 2| by meansof contact Il. 'Lamp b. is thereupon lighted from coutact 20 through wire .|25 and wire ||2, irrespective of whether switch 20| is closed; lampsa and c are lighted from contact 00 through wire il; motor 20 e and timer brush 25 are energized through wire |25 and brush 25 passes in turn over live timer contacts 2|l 22 and 22 and dead con- 70 tact u. simuitaneousiy, upon said right-hund actuation of switch 202, timer-contact 2| liscone nected to lamp n through wires' |0| and |2| and switch contacts 2l. 52 and 22;- also. lamp C is connected to timer-contact 22 through wires |02 v 'and |22 and switch contacts '2|, 52 and 22; timercontacts 2|, 22 and'22.

contact 22 being connected direct to lamp B -through wires |22 and |22. As-brush 25 rotates, lamp A, lamp B 'and lamp C are energized in the order named respectively, during the linterval said brush makes contact with Atimer coniiV tacts 2|,` 22 and 22, at full voltage from contact 92, wire |25, brush arm 25, brush 25 and thewires as above-connected. While brush 25 passes over contact 24, the three lamps are dark. During this cycle, lamps a, b and c burn steady at full 10 brilliancy. 'I'his cycle of events. continues so4 long as the switch 202 remains in said righthand position; e l

There' is thus 'provided astop signal distinctly Y diil'e'rent from the direction signals, and a left 15 turn signal distinctly-different from the right` turn signal.

The stop signal is from a single variable-brilliancy light source (section L) periodically varying between a" maximum determined by the brilzo l liancy of lamps Band br together and a minimum determined by the brilliancy of lamp b alone.

`When direction switch 202 is turned eitherto leftor to right, a distinctly diiferent type of signal isfproduced. All three light sections.' K, L and- M, g5 are illuminated with a minimumv brllliancy determined by lamps a, b and c respectively. A repeating uni-directional sequence of light crests is produced passing across or traversing the three sectionsl because during each vone-half revoluso v tion -of timer lbrush 25,'theie is illumination of lamps A. B and'C, in C, B; A Iorder for left turn signal, and in A, B, C order for right 'turn signal. The ilash traversing eifect respectively from right4 to left, or left to right is followed by an interval u of minimum steady brilliancy. 4 The duration 'of thesuccessive light dashes in a traverse .may be the same or may be different. Intheembodiment .of Figure 1, the duration of the last flash in each traverse is made longer o than the two precedinghashes by having timercontact 22 subtend a longer arc than either timer-contacts 2l or 22. lIv have found a 504 per cent longer for contact 22 is suitable; The greater duration of light intensity variationl in the nal light section is preferable because .under many conditions it increases the efiectivenessof the signal. Contacts 2| and 22 may be substantially equal, but, if unequal, contact 22 preferably has the longer arc, as .illustrated-in Fig. 1. 5o.

The interval between traverses in the embodiment of Figure vIlia substantially equal to the duration of a traverse, because the arc subtended by inactive timer-contact 2l iii. substantially equal to the total of the arcs subtended by timer-` `5 y This relation vmaybe changed over a considerable range without stantially. detracting from signal eifectivenei's under normal conditions. How'evei' the interval l between traverses preferably is substantially-s 00 greatas the duration oi a traverse, in order ,to accentuate visual mii-directional sequence undefnormal conditions. For tome coni'binatioiis,par@v .ticuiar'iy with three-section sequential signuigr, such, for example. as produced by the em i 55 `merits of Figs. 1 to 'I and 1o to 18, inc1usive,.-.a

time-interval between traverses greater than the duration of a traverse more eilfcctively retains -visual uni-directional scduenceunder abno e e conditions such as, for example, when light is 7d burned out.

With the connections illustrated in Figure lf,

the duration of the ught'cret when stop mite I .l

204| alone is closed is approximately 50% of each cycle, because the arc subtended by contact-'22 A75.

' omission of the connection between contacts 04 is substantially equal to the total of the arcs subtended by contacts ZI, 22 and 23. I find this relation preferable to increase the distinction beand 3lV reduces thedurationof the light crest by the amount determined by timer contact 2i and the omission rof the connection between contacts 33 and 60 reduces the duration of the light crest by the amount determined by timer contact 23.

The gaps between the adjacent edges of the Sesment contacts of timer are shown smaller than the width (arc of contact) of brush 25, so that contact is made by the leading edge of brush 20 with the leading edge of a 'contact before the trailing edge of brush has broken contact with the trailing edge of the next preceding (counterclockwise as illustrated) contact. Therefore, for a left turn signal, light B is energized shortly before light C is de-energized, and light A is energized shortly before light B is de-energized. This overlapping effect can be increased by increasing the' width of brush 25 and may be decreased, to zero by making the width of the gap between timer-contacts 2i and 22 and the gap between timer-contacts 22 and 23 equal to the width of brush 2l. Further time separation of adjacent light crests may be secured by making the width of brush 23 less than the width of the gaps between timer-contacts 2l and 22, and 23 and 24. This feature is illustrated in Fig. 3. I have found that a moderate degree of overlapping of the order of 10 to 20 per cent produces a superior eifect.

Approximately one hundred per minute is a suitable frequency of traversing for direction signailing and a suitable `frequency of flashing for stop light purposes, although this frequency may vary widely from this figure without material impairment of signal efficiency.

Under some conditions it may be desirable to' increase the differentiation between the stop signal and the direction signals by different frequencies for ,flashing and traversing. Figure 15 .also illustrates modiilcations' to the timer-contacts `the -direction signal traversing.

to produce a stop signal frequency ltwice that of contact 24 'of Fig. lis replaced by live timercontact 22a, of substantially the same arc as contact 22 and'placed 180 therefrom, and the remaining space l(save for gaps between-contacts) is taken up by dead contacts 24a and 2lb. Timercontact 22a is connected to switch contact 05 by wire I22a, and the connections between contacts M and 05 and between 60 and 69 are omitted. With direction switch 202 in neutral position, timer-contact 22a is connected to wire |22 through switch contacts 63, 53 and 65 and with each revolution of timer brush (when a stop switch 20| is closed) lamp B is energized at full voltage twice, once from contact 22 and once from contact 22a, and thus the frequency of flashing for stop signal is twice the speed of the timer brush. When direction switch is turned veither to left or right, -the connection to timer-contact 22a is broken by switch contact 53 and the other timer connections become as hereinabove de- Dead timer- 1,158, for example.

scribed under said conditions, which results in a direction signal traversing frequency of one per revolution of the timer brush. If it is desired to have the stop signal ashes grouped instead of evenly timed, for example, 24a can be connected in place of 22a to switch contact l5. This connection produces two closely timed flashes and a pause before repeating.

Another method of' producing different stop flash and direction traverse frequencies is illustrated in Figure 16. A resistor Rg is connected in wire |28 which supplies the timer motor;l wire |21 connected on the motor side thereof connects to switch contact 9i a; and there is a connection between switch contacts 9i and 90a. When direction switch 202 is in neutral position, and stop switch 20I is closed, full voltage is impressed on motor 30 through switch contacts 90a, Sia, and wire |21, thus causing the motor to revolve at maximum speed. When direction switch 202 is turned either to left or right position, the above full voltage motor supply is interrupted and the voltage impressed is reduced by the drop through `resistor Rg, thus reducing the motor speed. Thus a lower frequencyis secured for the traversing signal than for the stop signal. By similar connections (not shown) such. for example, as by placing Rg in shunt with the motor armature and connecting switch contact 90a to common return. the stop signal frequency becomes lower than that for direction signals. l

In Figure 1 and throughout the other figures the line X-Y indicates that the lamps to the right thereof are at a distance (at rear of vehicle or at front as the case may be) from the signal control switches,and motor timer, which generally are located at or-near the dash of the vehicle under the control -of the operator. Y

In case it is desired to utilize the embodimen of Figure 1 only for direction signalling, with entirely independent stop light signalling, instead of the dominance of the direction signal function illustrated in Figure 1, this may be accomplished by the omission of switch 20|, connecting both wires III and II3 to wire |I2 near lamps a, b and c and omitting'wire III to switch 202 and contact 90 therein (see Fig. 17). Modifications of nature similar to those of Figure 1 made to the embodiments described in the following figures produce similar changes in respect to duration of light flashes, interval between traverses, overlap of light crests, different flash and traverse frequencies, co-ordnate stop and direction signal control and the like.

Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment the same as Figure 1, except that in the light compartments K, L and M are respectively double-filament lamps A, B and`C, of the type of Mazda No. The filaments II, I2 and I3 are `of smaller candle power than-that of filaments i, 2 and 3. The filaments l, 2, 3 and II, I2, i3 are respectively equivalent in their functioning to filaments I, 2 and 3 respectively of lamps A, B and C and to filaments II,`I2 and I3 respectively of lamps a, b and c,of Figure 1. The apparatus of Figure 2 results in the use of one-half as many lamp sockets and lamp bulbs and, therefore, permits smaller light sections K, L and M.

In Figure 3 is illustrated an embodiment simi'- lar'to that of Figure 1, but the filaments I and II, 2 and I2 and 3 and i3 respectively of lamps Ac, Bb and Cc are connected in series and provision is made for lamp b to be lighted alone, and thus serve as a tail light. For this purpose, light section L is provided with a supplemental clear lens or opening so disposed that some of the from lamp b illuminates the rear number .plate `as well as projects a red light to the rear of the usual automobile type. In this embodiment, with the filaments of the two lamps in the same light section in series and full voltage across the two filaments, the small lamp lights substantially to full brilliancy and the large' lamp-is substantially dark, but when (as described below) the' small lamp filament is shortcircuited periodically, then the filament of the large lamp lights A to full brilliancy.

The switch or switch element ofthe automobile lighting system which energizes the tail light is denotedv by numeral 2M. One side of switch 2M is connected to the battery and the other side to wire llt and resistor Rs, thence to wire H2, so that whenclosed, lamp b is energized, burns at a brilliancedetermined by the value of Rs and serves as a tail light. If resistor Ra is omitted lamp b burns at full brilliance. Switch 2|3 is a double-pole stop lightswitch, normally open and closed by depressing the foot brake pedal. Upon closing, one pole energizesiwire I l2. so that `light b is lighted at full brilliancy irrespective of whether tail' light switch 2M isclosed. Through the other pole of switch 2|3 wire |25 is energized and this energizes motor-timer in the same manner as described in Figure 1.

|02 is energized from brush 25 as it passes ov'er timer contacts 2|, 22 and 23, and full voltage is periodically applied for one-half revolution of brush 25, to lamp B, which results in zero voltage across lamp b. VDuring the said interval, lamp B elusive serve the same function as the correspondingly numbered contacts of switch 202. ArcuateI contctbl is equipped with five contact surfaces changes from substantially dark condition to full brilllancy and lamp b changes from substantially full brilllancy to dark. As lamp B is of considerably higher candle power than lamp b, there is a large increase in light emanating from section L during this time interval. After brush passes out of contact with timer contact 23, wire |02 is de-energized and the initial conditions are resumed. This recurring variable-intensity light cycle alternately from llamps b and B continues as long as switch 2|3 remains closed and switch 203 remains in neutral position.

203 is slightly different from direction switch 202 of Figure 1, with twenty-one space-intervals right turn indication 51st of a revolution from neutral (17.15). Stationary switch contacts 6| to 69 and movable arcuatecontacts 52 to 54 in- 45, in` order to make contact with stationary con- U tacts 00 to 93 inclusive.- Contacts'9`0, 9| and 92 t of switch 203 serve the same functions vin switch are closed, if switch 203 is operated to either left light Similarly, t also (switch 203 being in neutral position), wire In the Figure 3 embodiment, direction switch or right position, all of the lamps in sections K,

L. and M are energized.

With switch 203 turned to the left position there is repeating uni-directional sequence oi light crests from rightvto left across sections M.

4L and K in the order. named; and with said switch thrown to right position there is repeating unidirectional sequence of light crests, passing from left to right across light sections K, L and M in theorder named. There is an interval between each traverse, similar to that described more fully in respectv to Figure 1. The results secured by the embodiment of Figure 3 consist essentially in a lower value of light crests (by the candle power value of lamps a, -b or c, -as the case may be), than in the Figure 1 embodiment,

because in the Figure 3 embodimentl the lamps in. any-light section come to full brightness alternately. l

If it-isdesiredto utilize the light sections at pr near the front of the vehicle for thedual purpose of illumination and direction signalling,v

switch 2li becomes the switch or switch element of the usual lighting switch which controls lamps a and b, and section sK and M may be respectively left and right cowl'lights or side lights, for example, and section L located midway between, all with forward-facing aspects. ,The lens through which the light passes from lamps A, B and C preferably should be light amber, in case some colorchange from the usual white shouldy be found desirable.

Resistor Ra and brake-switch 2|3 are omitted. Wire I|2 is connected to switch contact 90 in place of wire lll and wire iii is connected to llghtingswitch 2id. When switch 2M is closed, lamps a and c light to full brightness, but when switch 203 is'thrown either to left or right position, all three lamps a, b and c light and the traversing' eect is produced as described above for direction signal.

In the embodiment of Figure 4, are illustrated three light sections L and M, each with a pedal, light E is energized from the battery through wirev 2 and resistor Re, the resistance of said resistor being suiilcient to reduce the brightness of lamp Bl to a fraction of its full brilliancy. Withrotation of brush 25 of timer 20,' resistor Rn is short-circuited by the supply of full voltage from the battery direct to lamp B over wire |02. through timer contacts 2|, 22 and 23, wires |2|, |22 and |23 and the contacts of swtch 202, as described in Figure .1 embodiment, There is thus afforded (as long as switch 20| is closed and switch 202 remains in neutral position) a variable-lightintensity stop signal from section L, resulting from the alternate full voltage and partial voltage supplied to lamp B through the apparatusand operation thereof, as described above. A

Upon direction switch 202 being actuated to l either left or right position, all three lamps A,

B and vC 'are energized through resistors R1, R2, and Ra and wires III and H2, switch contacts u. u. er sns u xmmthe battery., 'me simultaneous energization and rotation of the motor timer 2l through wire Il! applies battery voltage direct in repeating uni-directional 'sequence tothe lamps C, B and A in the order named for leit position o! switch In, and in the reverse sequence when said switch is in right position. The light crests occur during the respective contacts between brush 2i and timer contacts 2l, 22 o r 28, as connected to the lights through switch I i'or that position of switch 202. The same type ot signal is produced as described in respect to the embodiment Figure 1, with the utilization oi resistors Ri. Ra and Rs, and the reduction oi luvplywirestothelightsectionstoatotal of Figure l5 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which one set of light sections K, L

and M, is mounted with rearwardly facing aspects on the rear of the vehicle and another set, desighated by N, O and P, is mounted with forwardly' facing aspects preferably at or near the front to right oi the vehicle in the order named.

o! the vehicle, the purpose of the last three named llsht sections being for direction signal to pedestrians. operators of other vehicles, traiflic oillcers.

etc., forwardly of the vehicle.

Light sections N, O and P are placed preferably in line, from left In these light sections are lamps D, E .andF respectively, with nlaments l, i and C respectively.

Provision is also made, as described below, ior' light sections N and P to provide illumination to the iront of the vehicle when desired, except only when a turn to the left, or to the right, is being signalled. For these reasons, the lenses through 4which the light from lamps D, E and F preferably should be light amber, in case some color change from the usual white should be i'ound desirable. Light sections N and P may either be cowl lights, or they may be inv the head lights oi' the car, or they may be otherwise independent.

The apparatus and method oi' operationA of the embotnnmmt of mire s is similar to that inus-- tratedinFigure4,inwhichseismadeof periodically short-circulted resistors. BWltchlll is the usual switch, or switch element, for controlling the cowl lights, or head lights, as the -case may be. When closed, and

switch 2M is in neutral position (as illustrated) supply from battery ll energizes lamps D and l" in iront light compartments N 'and P respectively at full voltage from wires III and lll, throughv switch contacts II, N and Il and wire Ill for tactor 2| and its brush 2l rotates (as hereinabove described). Simultaneously, vlamp B in rear compartment L is energized through resistor Ra and wirt Ill. With the rotation of brush Il. resistor Rs is periodically short-circuited onehali of each modulation cycle, and during said short-circuited period full voltage is applied to lamp B. partialv voltage being applied during the remainder of each such cycle due to the voltage.

drop through rwstor-Rs. 'I'his Iullvoltage m18 Secured through wires-III, |22 and III,

iromtimer contacts 2|, I! and Il respectively,

connected together to wire Il! through switch contacts 10, Il and 12, and switch contacts 1l,-

" and 1l.

intervals, so that for left signal indication it is rotated counter-clockwise and for right signal indication it is rotated clockwise 10, from the neutral position illustrated. Upon operation to left, irrespective oi whether switch 4lili and/or switch 2l! are closed, battery voltage is supplied from wire IBI to contact l2 and through movable arcuate contact BI to contacts 00. sl, 93 and Il. From contact 9|, through wire`i I I, resistors R1 and Ra, and 'wires I UI and |03, lamps A and C are energized. Iirom contact sl, through wires il! and |02. and resistor Rz, lamp B is energized and through wire the motor-timer is energized and rotates, as hereinbefore described. From contact I3 throughresistor R1: and wire |42, lamp E is energized and from contact M, through resistors Ru and Ria. and wires III and |43, lamps D and F are energized. Simultaneously, wire III from timer contact 2| is connected to wire I through switch contacts 03. 53 and Il, and to wire IIS through swltchcontacts It, 55 and 1|; wire |22 from timer contact 22 remains directly connected with the wire il!v and is connected to wire il! through switch contacts 11, 51 and 1I; wire |23 from timer contact 23 is connected to wire Ill through switch contacts 65, M and \1, and to wirellll through switch contacts 13, IC and 15. Direct connection between the battery and lamps N and P through wires III and l and switch 2l! respectively is broken in this switch position.

With these connections, there are produced, by the sequential short-circuiting ot resistors R3, Ra and Ri traverses oi light crests from right to lett ot vehicle, as viewed in rear, across iight sections M, L and K, Ain the order named, and syn- 'ehronously therewith by the sequential shortcircuiting of resistors R13, Ru and R11 in orde repeating uni-directional traverses oi light crests from right to left of vehicle, as viewed in iront,

acrom light sections P, O and N, in the order named. These signals indicate to observers in both front and rear oi the vehicle, and to some extent at the sides. that a lei't turn oi the vehicle is intended. This condition continues as long as switch '204 remains in left position.

When switch I is returned to neutral posiin order, repeating uni-directional tion, all six lamps are de-energized and dark.

except when switch III is closed lamps D and F in iront compartments N and P burn steady at full brilliance for forward illumination, and/or through switch contacts Il, Il and and .to

wire III through switch'contacts 1|, 55 and 1I; wire |22 from timer contact 22 remains directly connected to wire Ill` and Ais connected to wire Ill through switch contacts 1I, I1 and Il; wire |23 from timer contact 23 is connected to wire I I3 through switch contacts I2, l! and il, and to wire lll through switch contacts l1, I4 and ll.

With these connections there similarly'are produced repeating uni-directional traverses oilight crests from leftto right of vehicle, as viewed in the rear, across light sections K, L and M, in the 'Then lamp N can be paired with' lamp A 'and' lamp P paired with lamp C, because the lamps in a given pair are lighted and vary together. Ihis pairing can be produced either by connecting wire |46 to wire and omitting switch contact 04; or by connecting wire I4! to wire Wire |43l tc wire |03 and omitting switch contact 94, wire |44 and resistors R11 and Ris and making appropriate changes of the value of resistors R1 and R3. The former alternative is necessary in case it is desired that the degree of variation of the front lamps N, O and P be different from that of the rear lamps A, B and C, and has the advantage of' maintaining the predetermined variation vof each lamp under certain abnormal conditions, such for example, as the burn-out of the lamp paired'therewith.

Lamps D, E and F in the front light sections may be the same as or different candle-power than those in the rear sections, and the percentage of light'variation from crest to minimum in the front light sections may be the same as or diilerent than that in the rear sections, depending upon the `resistance of the` resistors R11, R12 and R13, compared with R1, Rz and Rs and the candle-power and other characteristics of the lamps energized therethrough.

In this embodiment there are illustrated three pilot Ilights S, T and U connected respectively to wires |0i, |02 and |03, the other pilot lamp terminals being connected to common return through wire 699. These three pilot lamps are mounted on the dash of the vehicle, or at some other place readily visible to the operator, in

. order to indicate the operation and condition of the rear signalling system. Lamps of small candle-power, of the usual automobiletype, are suitable for this purpose, for example, Mazda No. 51 lamp. The pilot lamps preferably are 'connected in parallel with the rear signal lamps and arranged in line similarly to the corresponding signal lamps in. order tolpresent tothe eye of the driver a close replica of the signal light edects produced. Similar pilot lamps may be likewise included in other embodiments ofthe invention, particularly those of Figures 4, and 6 to 13 inclusive. Alternatively 'pilot lights may be connected in parallel with the series resistors illustrated ina number of the embodiments.

v Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of the. in-

vention with rearsignal'indication alone, similar to that of Figure 4, utilizing periodicallyl shortclrcuited resistors for the modulation of voltagesl appliedv to thesignal lamps A, B and C. In the Figure '6 embodiment, however, all three lamps are illuminated Vand simultaneously modulated for stopv signal indication upon the closing of switch 20|, instead of the illumination only of lamp B. This three-lamp illumination is desirable unwhere a much larger'light ux change is (ie-- der some conditions, particularly, for example.

sired for stop signal indication, or` where'sulkticient directional signal edectiveness is secured with smaller lamps. With three-position direction switch 205 in neutral position, as illustrated. 'when switch 20| is closed by the depression of the actuation oil switch 205 to either left or right position (irrespective o f whether switch 20| isV closed)4 battery energy passes through wire |50,

and switch contacts 0| and 5| toV contact Il,

and thence energizes lamps A, B and C through wire H2, as above described.

When switch 205 is actuated .to lleft position (counter-clockwise Vnnd revolution) to signal left turn, timer contact 2| is connected throughwlres |2| and |03 to lamp C'by means of switch contacts 62, 63,'52 and 65;, and timer contact 23 is connected to lamp A through'wires |0| and |23 through switch contacts l0, 5t and 12. Conversely, when switch 205 is operated A to the right (clockwise 1,znd revolution) to signal right turn, timer contact 2i is connected through wires |2| and lill to lamp A by means of switch contacts 69, E3, l2 and 113, and timer contact 23 is connected to lamp C through wires |03 and |23 and through switch contacts t0, im and t5. In both left and right positions of the switch, timer contact 22 is` connecteddirect to lamp B through Wires |02 and |22.

Therefore, by the repeated contact ci brush' 25 in turn with timer contacts 2|, 2t and it. there is produced in the manner 4above described a repeating unidirectional sequence of light crests may be, across light sections K, L and M, to indicate respectively a right hand or a .leit hand turn.

Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figure '7; in which two lamps A and C are illuminated and ash simultaneously for stop signal. and all three lamps A, B and C are illuminated for directionv signal with `a traversing light effect, utilizing resistors R1, Rs and Rs in y series with the lamps, as is done in the embodiments illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6. With three-position direction switch 205 in neutral position, as illustrated, when brake switch 20| is closed by depression of the brake pedal, motortimer 3d is energized through wire |25, as above described, and lamps A and C are energized through resistors R1 and Rz respectively, and wires iii, |0i and |03. In neutral positionl of switch20t. timer contacts 3|, 32 and 23 Iare connected together and to'wires |0| and |03, through switch contacts 52, 62, 64 vand Bland through switch contacts 54, 69, 12 and 11|. As timer brush 25 rotates, during one-half revolution through these connections it short-circuits resistors R1 and R3 and applies full voltage simul taneously'to lampsA and C and these, consequently, produce a dashing-stop signal in unison.

vfrom left to right, Vor right to left,v as the case This dual-.light-.stop signal has the advantage o1' retaining aneiective stop signal in the event,

for example,that, one of the two lamps '-A ,or (n2` switch 2001s operated to either 

